国外地质教育地矿学的今天和明天     

Dutt.  JA 王仁铎 《地质科学译丛》1990,7(2):75-77

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南沙海槽表层沉积自生石膏-黄铁矿组合的成因及其对天然气渗漏的指示意义   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

陈忠  颜文  陈木宏  陆钧  古森昌 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2007,27(2):91-100

南海海槽是潜在的天然气水合物发育区，在表层沉积物中分布有石膏-黄铁矿组合。通过对石膏、黄铁矿的形貌特征、矿物组成、化学元素、硫同位素等的分析，讨论和揭示了石膏-黄铁矿组合的成岩环境、形成机理及其与天然气渗漏的关系。石膏集合体为土块状和多孔状、玫瑰状，表面分布有孔洞或微孔，黄铁矿为莓球状、球粒结块状和虫管状。不同形状的石膏、黄铁矿的化学成分没有明显差别。石膏-黄铁矿的形成机理是海底渗漏的天然气与硫酸盐发生缺氧甲烷氧化反应，产物HS^-与沉积物中的Fe^2＋反应产生FeS并转变为黄铁矿，在形成FeS的过程中产生的H^＋促进碳酸盐溶解，Ca^2＋与SO4^2-达到过饱和沉淀出重。^34S的石膏。因此，石膏-黄铁矿组合是海底存在天然气渗漏的证据，这一发现对开展南沙海槽潜在天然气水舍物的调查以及对天然气渗漏事件的研究具有一定的科学意义。  相似文献   

南海海盆的形成演化探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘昭蜀  陈忠  潘宇 《海洋科学》1992,16(4):18-22

根据“陆缘扩张”理论,利用古地磁数据,结合地质、地球物理资料,对南海海盆的成因机制和演化过程进行探讨。结果得出:南海的多期多轴扩张及其形成演化,是在欧亚板块、太平洋板块和印度板块的联合作用下,中、新生代南海周缘的微板块和岛弧的相互运动以及南海海盆构造应力场不断变化的情况下逐渐完成的。  相似文献   

南沙海槽南部及邻近海区表层沉积物中的碎屑矿物特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈忠  古森昌  颜文  刘芳文 《热带海洋学报》2002,21(2):84-90

南沙海槽南部海区73个表层沉积物中的碎屑矿物主要有石英、长石、自然铅、褐铁矿、锐钛矿、金红石等，其分布受地形、地貌的控制，可分为西北大陆坡碎屑矿物组合、槽底碎屑矿物组合、东南大陆架碎屑矿物组合3种类型。不同组合类型具有不同的物质来源。  相似文献   

南海围区中、新生代古地磁特征与南海地质构造演化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈忠  刘昭蜀  陈森强  杨树康  袁友仁 《热带海洋学报》1987,(3)

南海的形成和构造演化的研究表明:早—中三叠世,印支微板块与华南微板块相隔约8个纬度,两者于晚三叠世碰撞成统一大陆。古新世—早渐新世,华南微板块向南漂移了约9.5个纬度;中渐新世一早中新世,它则向北漂移了约8个纬度。此一漂移对南海的第二期S—N向扩张起了重要的控制作用。菲律宾岛弧的两期大规模的逆时针旋转(40多度和20多度)恰好分别与太平洋板块运动方向的改变和南海海盆洋壳向东发生俯冲相对应。南海的扩张活动与周缘块体的相互运动有关。  相似文献   

云南马关新生代地幔包体中橄榄石的显微构造及其反映的上地幔物理状态特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈忠  丘学林  陆琦  颜文  吴世敏  施小斌 《热带海洋学报》2004,23(1):34-43

利用氧化缀饰法研究了云南马关新生代地幔尖晶石二辉橄榄岩包体中橄榄石的位错构造。其位错构造种类多样、形态各异,主要包括(100)和(001)位错壁、亚颗粒构造、位错网格、{100}滑动条带构造等,表明该区上地幔岩具高温高应变和低温高应变特征。包体形成的温度T为1016—1098℃,压力P为18.3×108—20.6×108Pa。马关上地幔温压状态具有大洋地幔地温特征,热流值达85mW·m-2。上地幔的流动应力σ为27.9—59.7MPa,流动速率ε为1.37×10-18—2.17×10-16s-1,等效粘滞度η为9.18×1022—6.92×1024Pa·s。该区上地幔的高流动应力、高热状态和裂谷带型的流动速率、等效粘滞度特征,可能与16MaB.P.以来区域性东西向伸展作用有关。  相似文献   

南沙海槽区表层沉积物的地球化学特征   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

古森昌  陈忠  颜文  刘芳文 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2001,21(2):43-47

对南沙海槽区73个表层沉积物的地球化学及沉积环境特征进行了研究。微量元素主要有Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Co、Cr、Sr、Ba和Zr，表现为亲陆性，常量组分为SiO2、AI2O3、TFe、CaO、MgO、K2O、Na2O、MnO、PO25、TiO2，表现为边缘海向深海过渡的沉积环境特点。沉积物质含有粘土组分、碳酸盐型生物碎屑组分、陆源碎屑非粘土组分以及火山碎屑、岛源物质，沉积环境与水深关系密切，在200m以浅，沉积物的供给复杂，沉积环境多变，在200m以深，沉积物的供给和沉积环境稳定。  相似文献   

The dust distribution within the inner coma of comet P/Halley 1982i: encounter by Giotto's impact detectors     

McDonnell JA  Alexander WM  Burton WM  Bussoletti E  Evans GC  Evans ST  Firth JG  Grard RJ  Green SF  Grun E  Hanner MS  Hughes DW  Igenbergs E  Kissel J  Kuczera H  Lindblad BA  Langevin Y  Mandeville JC  Nappo S  Pankiewicz GS  Perry CH  Schwehm GH  Sekanina Z  Stevenson TJ  Zarnecki JC et AL 《Astronomy and Astrophysics》1987,187(1-2):719-741

Analysis of the data from Giotto's Dust Impact Detection System experiment (DIDSY) is presented. These data represent measurement of the size of dust grains incident on the Giotto dust shield along its trajectory through the coma of comet P/Halley on 1986 March 13/14. First detection occurred at some 287000 km distance from the nucleus on the inbound leg; the majority of the DIDSY subsystems remained operational after closest approach (604 km) yielding the last detection at about 202000 km from the nucleus. In order to improve the data coverage (and especially for the smallest grains, to approximately 10(-19) kg particle mass), data from the PIA instrument has been combined with DIDSY data. Flux profiles are presented for the various mass channels showing, to a first approximation, a 1/R2 flux dependence, where R is the distance of the detection point from the cometary nucleus, although significant differences are noted. Deviations from this dependence are observed, particularly close to the nucleus. From the flux profiles, mass and geometrical area distributions for the dust grains are derived for the trajectory through the coma. Groundbased CCD imaging of the dust continuum in the inner coma at the time of encounter is also used to derive the area of grains intercepted by Giotto. The results are consistent with the area functions derived by Giotto data and the low albedo of the grains deduced from infrared emission. For the close encounter period (-5 min to +5 min), the cumulative mass distribution function has been investigated, initially in 20 second periods; there is strong evidence from the data for a steepening of the index of the mass distribution for masses greater than 10(-13) kg during passage through dust jets which is not within the error limits of statistical uncertainty. The fluences for dust grains along the entire trajectory is calculated; it is found that extrapolation of the spectrum determined at intermediate masses (cumulative mass index alpha = 0.85) is not able to account for the spacecraft deceleration as observed by the Giotto Radio Science Experiment and by ESOC tracking operations. Data at large masses (>10(-8) kg) recently analysed from the DIDSY data set show clear evidence of a decrease in the mass distribution index at these masses within the coma, and it is shown that such a value of the mass index can provide sufficient mass for consistency with the observed deceleration. The total particulate mass output from the nucleus of comet P/Halley at the time of encounter would be dependent on the maximum mass emitted if this change in slope observed in the coma were also applicable to the emission from the nucleus; this matter is discussed in the text. The flux time profiles have been converted through a simple approach to modeling of the particle trajectories to yield an indication of nucleus surface activity. There is indication of an enhancement in flux at t approximately -29 s corresponding to crossing of the dawn terminator, but the flux detected prior to crossing of the dawn terminator is shown to be higher than predicted by simple modelling. Further enhancements corresponding to jet activity are detected around +190 s and +270 s.  相似文献   

两个奥利亚罗非鱼群体热休克蛋白70基因序列比对分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李莉萍  陈明  罗永巨  唐章生  唐瞻杨  陈忠  张永德  曾兰  林勇 《广东海洋大学学报》2009,29(1)

采用RACE技术,对两个奥利亚罗非鱼群体(Oreochromis aurea)(美国奥利亚和中国奥利亚)热休克蛋白Hsp70基因完整编码区(code sequences,CDS)cDNA的进行克隆测序。序列分析结果表明:两个奥利亚罗非鱼群体热休克蛋白Hsp70基因CDS序列完全相同,全长1 923 bp,编码640个氨基酸,相对分子质量为70.29×103,理论等电点5.462,均具有Hsp70家族的3个签名序列:IDLGTTYS、IFDLGGGTFD、VVLVGGSTRIPKIQK;核定位信号标签KRKHKKDISQNKRALRR;Dank特征基序DLGTT-S-V;胞质Hsp70特征基序EEVD;靠近C端的GGMP4肽序列;2个糖基化位点NKSI和NVSA。对所得基因序列与已发表的青锵(Oryzias latipes)等物种Hsp70基因的氨基酸序列进行同源性比较,发现两个奥利亚罗非鱼群体与莫桑比克罗非鱼最高99.4%,与牙鲆最低83.9%;系统进化树分析表明奥利亚罗非鱼的Hsp70 cDNA序列与青鳉等物种的Hsp70基因聚在一支,而与牙鲆的Hsp70基因相分离。  相似文献   

Sublethal impact of short term exposure to the organophosphate pesticide azamethiphos in the marine mollusc Mytilus edulis     

Canty MN  Hagger JA  Moore RT  Cooper L  Galloway TS 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(4):396-402

Concern has been raised that the increased use of pesticides in intensive aquaculture practices may cause adverse sublethal effects to non-target aquatic species. Azamethiphos is an organophosphate (OP) pesticide used to combat sea lice infestations in farmed salmonids. Here, the sublethal impact on the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, of short term exposure to azamethiphos was determined. The testing regime included biomarkers of exposure (acetylcholinesterase activity), cytotoxicity (neutral red retention), immune function (phagocytic index) and physiological condition (feeding rate). The distribution and sensitivity of M. edulis acetylcholinesterase to inhibition by azamethiphos was first determined, yielding IC(50) values of 0.736 and 1.30 mg l(-1) for gill and haemolymph, respectively. Exposure of mussels to 0.1 mg l(-1) azamethiphos for periods of up to 24h caused a significant reduction in acetylcholinesterase activity in both the haemolymph (P<0.0002) and the gill (P<0.002), alteration in cell viability (P<0.02) and decrease in phagocytic index (P<0.03). The feeding rate remained unaffected. The results support the hypothesis that, in addition to its neurotoxic effects, azamethiphos can modulate haemocyte function and immune defence in M. edulis at environmentally relevant concentrations after only a few hours.  相似文献